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Nowadays, the major cause is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system makes antibodies which attack the cells of the adrenal cortex and slowly destroys them.

Tuberculosis was the leading cause of Addison disease up until the middle of the 20th century when antibiotics were introduced that successfully treated TB.

There are several causes of Addison disease: Near total or total destruction of the adrenal glands results in neither of these hormones being produced and a condition called primary adrenal insufficiency or Addison disease (first described by Dr Thomas Addison in 1855). In particular, aldosterone regulates salt and water levels which affect blood volume and blood pressure.

They are both essential for the normal functioning of the body. Two important hormones made by the adrenal cortex are cortisol and aldosterone. The adrenal cortex is the outer portion of the adrenal gland, of which there are two, located above each kidney. Addison disease is a hormonal disorder resulting from a severe or total deficiency of the hormones made in the adrenal cortex.